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Bioequivalence Testing: The Stats Behind Generic Drug Approvals (Ep. 57)

Bioequivalence Testing: The Stats Behind Generic Drug Approvals (Ep. 57)

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In this episode I discuss bioequivalence testing and how it was developed to support generic drug approvals, but is now a mainstream tool for all of drug development. I discuss the basics of what bioequivalence means, how the studies are designed, and then how to perform the statistical analysis. I end with some examples of how this can be used for both generic drug and innovator drugs to support labeling.


Links discussed in the show:


  • FDA Draft Guidance: Statistical Approaches to Establishing Bioequivalence (Dec 2022) – Excellent detail on methods, models, and SAS examples.
  • FDA Guidance: Bioequivalence Studies with Pharmacokinetic Endpoints for Drugs Submitted Under an ANDA.
  • Article: “Bioequivalence of generic drugs: a simple explanation for clinicians” (Andrade, 2015) – Great for the 80-125% intuition.
  • R-script with example BE analysis (Be sure to copy this text into a file and name it "BE-example.R" then you can run it on your local R instance.
  • You can connect with Nathan on LinkedIn and send me a message
  • Send Nathan a message
  • Sign up for Nathan’s newsletter


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