Peacewarts: Chronicled Courage 101 - The Near-Misses (Class 10) Episode Summary: We explore moments where war was politically and militarily cued, only to be refused through deliberate human agency. We study the "ethics of stopping" in the U.S., South Africa, Costa Rica, and Northern Europe.

Homework

1. Research the “Cuartelazo” attempt of April 1949. Even after Figueres Ferrer took the sledgehammer to the walls of the military headquarters, a high-ranking official tried to use the remnants of the military to seize power. Find out who led this "near-miss" coup and how the lack of a traditional military response actually helped resolve the crisis.
2. Write down one question about any of this episode’s topics. If you don’t have a question, write “no question.”
3. Optional: Journal. Think of a conflict you are currently in. What would it look like for you to "lose face" in order to gain a durable peace?

Learning Topics: The "Pen-Pal" Protocol: How Kennedy used a time-buffer during the Cuban Missile Crisis; The Boipatong Pivot: Why Nelson Mandela chose a "Sunset Clause" over a final battle; The Sledgehammer Choice: Costa Rica’s 75-year success as a nation without a military; Nested Identity: How the Åland Islands used legal arbitration to solve a sovereign border dispute; Agency over Luck: Moving from a narrative of "lucky breaks" to "deliberate overrides."

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• Podcast Music: Javier Peke Rodriguez “I am late, madame Curie” https://open.spotify.com/artist/3QuyqfXEKzrpUl6b12I3KW