Traditional ad buying involved manual targeting, static audiences, and fixed bids. AI advertising uses machine learning to optimize targeting, bidding, and creative selection in real time across millions of data points. Performance Max and Meta Advantage+ campaigns represent this evolution - algorithms handling what used to require entire teams of media buyers.

Smart bidding algorithms adjust bids based on conversion likelihood, time of day, device type, user behavior history, competitor activity, and dozens more variables simultaneously. This dynamic approach consistently outperforms manual bid management, especially for campaigns with large audiences and multiple ad variations. However, human strategy and oversight remain necessary—marketers must set clear goals, supply quality creative assets, and analyze performance to ensure AI automation aligns with business objectives.

Critical risks include over-optimization—AI might optimize for metrics that don't actually align with business goals. Optimizing for clicks gets clicks but might not deliver quality traffic. Optimizing for conversions without considering lifetime value might acquire expensive customers who churn quickly. The human role is defining success properly so AI optimizes toward meaningful outcomes.

Looking at 2026, programmatic advertising moves toward full automation. For small businesses without media buying expertise, this democratizes access to sophisticated advertising. For agencies and specialists, it forces evolution toward strategic consulting rather than tactical execution.

AI in credit decisions is genuinely controversial because it could either democratize lending and expand access to underserved populations or take historical discrimination and amplify it at scale. The reality is both are happening simultaneously in different institutions—it all depends on how intentionally the AI is designed and monitored for fairness.

Sam and Mac examine how AI is disrupting traditional credit scoring. FICO scores have dominated for decades using limited data: payment history, credit utilization, length of credit history, types of credit, and recent inquiries. This approach systematically excludes millions who don't have traditional credit histories, even if they're perfectly responsible with money and would be excellent borrowers.

The technical models include XGBoost as the industry standard and neural networks for processing more data with hidden layers. Traditional logistic regression is often a poor fit for real-world credit behavior. Banks need model governance with clear ownership, regular bias testing, robust explainability, and human oversight for complex cases. AI handles straightforward approvals and denials; humans handle the middle—complex situations requiring judgment and contextual understanding.