Davide Asnaghi is the co-founder and CEO of Diode, a Brooklyn-based startup using AI to design and manufacture circuit boards in the United States.

Before Diode, Davide worked on Apple’s Special Projects Group and spent time in Hong Kong and Shenzhen studying Asia’s electronics manufacturing ecosystem. That experience convinced him that PCB design, despite powering everything from smartphones and satellites to medical devices and autonomous systems, remained one of the most overlooked layers of the tech stack.

Since its founding just two years ago, Diode has landed Physical Intelligence and Saronic as customers and partnered with Anthropic to help Claude become a better electrical engineer. The company’s ultimate ambition: to make hardware as nimble as software.

In our conversation, we explore:

1. Why the West outsourced PCB manufacturing to Asia in the 2000s and why bringing it back matters for American competitiveness
2. What Shenzhen’s manufacturing culture does better than Silicon Valley (and what the U.S. can learn from it)
3. How Diode’s models can one-shot much of schematic design and compress hardware timelines from months to weeks
4. The three-week YC pivot that transformed Diode from a design validation tool into a full-stack manufacturer
5. Why circuit boards are the “forgotten middle child” between silicon and software
6. How Diode partners with Anthropic to make LLMs better electrical engineers
7. What it takes to build a hardware company in 2025—and why the talent bar must stay incredibly high
8. How Italian, American, and Chinese cultures shaped Davide’s approach to entrepreneurship and manufacturing

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Thank you to the partners who make this possible

.tech domains: An identity for builders at their core.

Guru: The AI source of truth for work.

Brex: The intelligent finance platform.

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Transcript: https://www.generalist.com/p/our-goal-is-to-build-an-electrical-engineer

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Timestamps

(00:00) Intro

(04:15) Why Davide calls himself a copper merchant

(05:53) Diode’s mission to rebuild PCB manufacturing in the U.S.

(07:58) What success looks like

(09:00) Growing up in northern Italy and spending a year in Minnesota

(13:14) Why Italy produces fewer venture-backed founders

(15:30) Why Hong Kong accelerated Davide’s learning

(19:09) Silicon Valley vs. Shenzhen

(22:05) What Davide learned in Apple’s Special Projects Team

(24:11) Why Davide left Apple after two years

(26:54) Meeting his co-founder, Lenny

(29:32) How Davide uncovered the need for better PCB design and manufacturing

(33:23) PCB manufacturing in Asia, and Diode’s approach

(41:29) The YC pivot that changed Diode’s business

(44:39) Inside Diode’s customer journey

(48:10) Where the value is in electronics manufacturing, and Davide’s AGI thesis

(51:30) What separates a working board from a great one

(55:32) Where Diode fits in the electronics stack

(59:55) Diode’s early near-death moment and long-term vision

(1:02:30) Diode’s exceptionally high bar for hiring

(1:04:48) Where Davide gets his best ideas

(1:07:00) Final meditations

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Follow Davide Asnaghi

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/d-asnaghi

X: https://x.com/davideasnaghi

GitHub: https://hexdae.github.io

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Resources and episode mentions: https://www.generalist.com/p/our-goal-is-to-build-an-electrical-engineer⁠

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Production and marketing by penname.co. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email jordan@penname.co.

For decades, drug discovery has shifted away from nature and toward biology-first approaches. Viswa Colluru believes that shift was a catastrophic mistake. His company, Enveda Biosciences, has raised over $500 million to build a “search engine for nature’s chemistry.” The mission is personal: he grew up around his father’s pharmacy in India and later lost his mother to a treatable cancer whose medicine his family couldn’t afford. Many life-changing medicines, including morphine, aspirin, and metformin, originated in nature, but there has never been a reliable, scalable way to systematically explore its chemistry. Colluru founded Enveda in 2019 with $55,000 of his own savings to change that. The company has since identified 18 drug candidates, with three now in clinical trials.

In our conversation, we explore:

• Why the pharmaceutical industry abandoned nature (and why that was a massive mistake)
• How Enveda built a system to decode unknown molecules in nature
• The deeply personal story of his mother’s battle with leukemia and how it shaped his life’s work
• Why old ideas, from immunotherapy to natural products, often hold the most latent potential
• How Enveda developed 18 drug candidates for about $1 million each instead of $10-15 million
• Enveda’s three leading drug candidates targeting eczema, obesity, and ulcerative colitis
• Why first-in-class medicines capture the vast majority of returns in pharma
• What competitive table tennis taught him about building companies

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Thank you to the partners who make this possible

Brex: The intelligent finance platform.

Ahrefs Brand Radar: Find your brand in AI results.

Persona: Trusted identity verification for any use case.

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Timestamps

(00:00) Introduction to Viswa Colluru

(03:57) His father’s pharmacy and early exposure to Western and Ayurvedic medicine

(07:06) Early pull toward technology

(09:29) His mother’s leukemia diagnosis

(14:24) Studying Biotechnology

(16:07) Graduate school

(17:55) Studying immunotherapy when it was unfashionable

(24:23) Innovation vs. novelty

(27:24) Lessons from table tennis

(32:05) Joining Recursion

(37:10) Learning urgency and courage

(40:42) What launched Enveda

(45:40) The limits of reductionist drug discovery

(49:53) Chemistry-first approach

(52:17) Raising $225K and investing $55K personally

(56:04) Initial studies and targets

(1:04:30) Three categories of leading drugs: Eczema, obesity, ulcerative colitis

(1:13:27) Why GLP-1s are not the whole answer

(1:18:27) Enveda’s long-term vision

(1:21:31) Book recommendation

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Follow Viswa Colluru

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/viswacolluru

X: https://x.com/viswacolluru

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Resources and episode mentions: https://www.generalist.com/p/the-future-of-drug-discovery

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Production and marketing by penname.co. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email jordan@penname.co.