This week's episode sees us look at the Brassica Rapa the first of the Brassicaceae family of plants to be domesticated and how this would would affect the development of numerous types of cabbages, root vegetables, mustards and many others. We also discuss three other plants from the nightshade family that are or have been domesticated during this season. This includes Potatoes, Tomatoes, and Eggplant.

Journal Article Mentioned: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8321528/

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This week I go over the changes in terminology I am using to organize my show. Then we go over the domestication and etymology for three different types of pepper plants, Chilis, Black Pepper, and Sichuan Peppercorns. We also talk about the domestication of Cocoa Beans.

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This week we discuss Brazilian rock art, dating difficulties for some older archeological sites, and differences between favored terminology used by Brazilin archeologists. We also discuss the increase and spread of shell midden or Sambaquis sites as well as how some of these coastal sites revealed the earliest evidence of whaling in the Americas if not the world.

Also since I know some of you may say something, I know I mistakenly called Columbus Spanish. I know that he was from Genoa and was only working on behalf of Ferdinand and Isabella.

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This week we discuss two separate regions in South America. We discuss the hunter gatherer groups living in Argentina and how they had been genetically isolated from the rest of the continent. We also discuss the various groups of peoples who had migrated from the Orinoco River valley to occupy the Guianas to become prolific hunter gatherer fishers and would begin to travel up and down other rivers into the Amazon Basin and how they would being to colonize the Caribbean.

Science article: https://www.science.org/content/article/mystery-group-lived-central-argentina-millennia-ancient-dna-reveals

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This week's episode we discuss the site of Monte Verde in southern Chile and some recent controversy surrounding the site's dating. We also talk about the brutal Atacama Desert and how this environment led the fishers moving through the region to develop several forms of mummification throughout their long history in the region. For this season that covers natural mummification as well as the black mummy method.

The Science article about Monte Verde in Chile: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adw9217?utm_campaign=ScienceMagazine&utm_medium=ownedSocial&utm_source=twitter

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This week we look at three areas in what is now Peru that are beginning to see the rise of sedentary agricultural life. This includes the river valleys of the Sechin/Casma, the Rio Grande of the Ica Region, and the water basin of Lake Titicaca. We also cover some of the cave art being painted in Andean rock shelters in what is now Bolivia.

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This week I correct a terrible omission I made last week and focus on the Las Vegas Culture of Ecuador. This covers their transition from semi sedentary hunter-gatherer-fishers to incipient agriculture. As well as their development of communal burial and feasting. I also cover the tale of the Lovers of Sumpa. A tale some attribute to the Las Vegas Culture.

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This week we talk about the earliest pottery in South America, and we also cover several sites in the modern country of Colombia's Altiplano region including El Abra, We then move south to discuss several long lasting rock shelter hunting camps in modern Peru. Also I made a mistake around the 22:45 mark and mentioned the border of Ecuador and Chile when I obviously meant the Peru Chile border.

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