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Within Reason

Within Reason

By: Alex J O'Connor
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For the curious. A philosophy podcast that sometimes flirts with other disciplines, Within Reason has featured guests including Richard Dawkins, Douglas Murray, William Lane Craig, Peter Singer, Konstantin Kisin, and Neil deGrasse Tyson.Alex J O'Connor Philosophy Social Sciences
Episodes
  • #149 My Problem With C.S. Lewis - Philip Pullman
    Apr 2 2026

    Philip Pullman is one of England's most cherished and celebrated writers. Author of the popular His Dark Materials series of books (later adapted into a film, The Golden Compass (2007), and a 2019 HBO/BBC drama series), his novels are dripping with philosophical and religious themes.Get Philip Pullman's Books here.

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    TIMESTAMPS:0:00 - C.S. Lewis Tells Filthy Lies5:12 - Childhood Innocence is Overrated10:09 - Religion in Philip’s Novels21:26 - How to Improve the Story of Jesus and the Gospels27:43 - The Connection Between Music and Fiction36:24 - Books vs Movies43:38 - Consciousness in The Book of Dust50:05 - Should Novelists Go Back and Update Their Books?56:11 - The Omniscient Narrator1:00:12 - How Movies Changed Novels1:05:49 - Why Subtitles Are So Popular Now1:10:56 - The Role of Philosophy in Philip’s Novels1:13:27 - Philip’s Writing Process1:20:11 - The Fear of AI in Creative Industries

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    1 hr and 27 mins
  • #149 Blaise Pascal: Philosopher, Mathematician, Genius - Graham Tomlin
    Mar 25 2026

    Get Huel today with this exclusive offer for New Customers of 15% OFF with code alexoconnor at https://huel.com/alexoconnor (Minimum $50 purchase).For early, ad-free access to videos, and to support the channel, subscribe to my Substack.Graham Tomlin is a British theologian, author and former Church of England bishop.LINKS:Get Graham's book, Blaise Pascal: The Man Who Made the Modern WorldGraham's organisation, Seen and Unseen TIMESTAMPS:00:00 - Can Blaise Pascal Be Categorised?03:05 - Who Was Blaise Pascal?11:12 - Pascal’s First Conversion17:19 - Pascal’s “Night of Fire”21:59 - Did Pascal Reject Reason?31:45 - Pascal’s War With Descartes42:31 - Did Pascal Invent the Bus?45:42 - The Heart Has Its Reasons, Of Which Reason Knows Nothing50:03 - How Pascal Invented Probability Theory52:29 - Pascal’s Wager1:15:35 - The Pensées1:18:30 - Pascal’s “Two Minds”1:22:39 - The Importance of Boredom1:26:58 - Why Should Atheists Read Pascal?1:31:34 - What Would Graham Ask Pascal?

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    1 hr and 34 mins
  • #147 What is PURE Consciousness? - Thomas Metzinger
    Mar 18 2026

    Get Huel today with this exclusive offer for New Customers of 15% OFF with code alexoconnor at https://huel.com/alexoconnor (Minimum $50 purchase).

    For early, ad-free access to videos, and to support the channel, subscribe to my Substack: https://www.alexoconnor.com.

    Thomas Metzinger is a German philosopher and Professor Emeritus of theoretical philosophy at the University of Mainz. His primary research areas include philosophy of mind, philosophy of neuroscience, and applied ethics, particularly focusing on neurotechnology, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence.

    Get The Elephant and the Blind: The Experience of Pure Consciousness: Philosophy, Science, and 500+ Experiential Reports

    TIMESTAMPS

    0:00 - The Minimal Phenomenal Experience Project

    11:34 - Is MPE New Age Meditation?

    17:07 - Collecting Reports of Pure Consciousness

    25:48 - Lucid Deep Sleep - Thomas’ Experience

    32:19 - Does Consciousness Require Complexity?

    39:29 - The Power of Meditation

    45:32 - Is Meditation Always a Positive Experience?

    53:13 - Is a MPE Actually an Experience?

    01:11:21 - Your Brain is Not Telling You the Truth

    01:20:08 - Analysing Minimal Conscious Experiences

    01:27:26 - Is Meditative Enlightenment Unethical?

    01:32:37 - Western Ignorance of Eastern Tradition

    01:40:13 - “Coming Home”

    01:44:29 - The Political Implications of MPE

    01:52:40 - Should Ketamine Be Legalised?

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    2 hrs and 3 mins
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